diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-jsx/src/index.js b/packages/babel-plugin-jsx/src/index.js
index 1ae8053..6215f19 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-jsx/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-jsx/src/index.js
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 import syntaxJsx from '@babel/plugin-syntax-jsx';
 import tranformVueJSX from './transform-vue-jsx';
-import sugarVModel from './sugar-v-model';
 import sugarFragment from './sugar-fragment';
 
 export default ({ types: t }) => ({
   name: 'babel-plugin-jsx',
   inherits: syntaxJsx,
   visitor: {
-    ...sugarVModel(t),
     ...tranformVueJSX(t),
     ...sugarFragment(t),
   },
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-jsx/src/sugar-v-model.js b/packages/babel-plugin-jsx/src/sugar-v-model.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 782ee59..0000000
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-jsx/src/sugar-v-model.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,174 +0,0 @@
-import camelCase from 'camelcase';
-import { addNamespace } from '@babel/helper-module-imports';
-import { createIdentifier, checkIsComponent } from './utils';
-
-const cachedCamelCase = (() => {
-  const cache = Object.create(null);
-  return (string) => {
-    if (!cache[string]) {
-      cache[string] = camelCase(string);
-    }
-
-    return cache[string];
-  };
-})();
-
-const startsWithCamel = (string, match) => string.startsWith(match)
-  || string.startsWith(cachedCamelCase(match));
-
-/**
- * Add property to a JSX element
- *
- * @param t
- * @param path JSXOpeningElement
- * @param value string
- */
-const addProp = (path, value) => {
-  path.node.attributes.push(value);
-};
-
-/**
- * Get JSX element tag name
- *
- * @param path Path<JSXOpeningElement>
- */
-const getTagName = (path) => path.get('name.name').node;
-
-/**
- * Get JSX element type
- *
- * @param t
- * @param path Path<JSXOpeningElement>
- */
-const getType = (t, path) => {
-  const typePath = path
-    .get('attributes')
-    .find(
-      (attributePath) => t.isJSXAttribute(attributePath)
-        && t.isJSXIdentifier(attributePath.get('name'))
-        && attributePath.get('name.name').node === 'type'
-        && t.isStringLiteral(attributePath.get('value')),
-    );
-
-  return typePath ? typePath.get('value.value').node : '';
-};
-
-/**
- * @param t
- * Transform vModel
-*/
-const getModelDirective = (t, path, state, value) => {
-  const tag = getTagName(path);
-  const type = getType(t, path);
-
-  addProp(path, t.jsxSpreadAttribute(
-    t.objectExpression([
-      t.objectProperty(
-        t.stringLiteral('onUpdate:modelValue'),
-        t.arrowFunctionExpression(
-          [t.identifier('$event')],
-          t.assignmentExpression('=', value, t.identifier('$event')),
-        ),
-      ),
-    ]),
-  ));
-
-  if (checkIsComponent(t, path)) {
-    addProp(path, t.jsxAttribute(t.jsxIdentifier('modelValue'), t.jsxExpressionContainer(value)));
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  let modelToUse;
-  switch (tag) {
-    case 'select':
-      modelToUse = createIdentifier(t, state, 'vModelSelect');
-      break;
-    case 'textarea':
-      modelToUse = createIdentifier(t, state, 'vModelText');
-      break;
-    default:
-      switch (type) {
-        case 'checkbox':
-          modelToUse = createIdentifier(t, state, 'vModelCheckbox');
-          break;
-        case 'radio':
-          modelToUse = createIdentifier(t, state, 'vModelRadio');
-          break;
-        default:
-          modelToUse = createIdentifier(t, state, 'vModelText');
-      }
-  }
-
-  return modelToUse;
-};
-
-
-/**
- * Parse vModel metadata
- *
- * @param t
- * @param  path JSXAttribute
- * @returns null | Object<{ modifiers: Set<string>, valuePath: Path<Expression>}>
- */
-const parseVModel = (t, path) => {
-  if (t.isJSXNamespacedName(path.get('name')) || !startsWithCamel(path.get('name.name').node, 'v-model')) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  if (!t.isJSXExpressionContainer(path.get('value'))) {
-    throw new Error('You have to use JSX Expression inside your v-model');
-  }
-
-  const modifiers = path.get('name.name').node.split('_');
-  modifiers.shift();
-
-  return {
-    modifiers: new Set(modifiers),
-    value: path.get('value.expression').node,
-  };
-};
-
-export default (t) => ({
-  JSXAttribute: {
-    exit(path, state) {
-      const parsed = parseVModel(t, path);
-      if (!parsed) {
-        return;
-      }
-
-      if (!state.get('vue')) {
-        state.set('vue', addNamespace(path, 'vue'));
-      }
-
-      const { modifiers, value } = parsed;
-
-      const parent = path.parentPath;
-      // v-model={xx} --> v-_model={[directive, xx, void 0, { a: true, b: true }]}
-      const directive = getModelDirective(t, parent, state, value);
-      if (directive) {
-        path.replaceWith(
-          t.jsxAttribute(
-            t.jsxIdentifier('_model'), // TODO
-            t.jsxExpressionContainer(
-              t.arrayExpression([
-                directive,
-                value,
-                modifiers.size && t.unaryExpression('void', t.numericLiteral(0), true),
-                modifiers.size && t.objectExpression(
-                  [...modifiers].map(
-                    (modifier) => t.objectProperty(
-                      t.identifier(modifier),
-                      t.booleanLiteral(true),
-                    ),
-                  ),
-                ),
-              ].filter(Boolean)),
-            ),
-          ),
-        );
-      } else {
-        path.remove();
-      }
-    },
-  },
-});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-jsx/src/transform-vue-jsx.js b/packages/babel-plugin-jsx/src/transform-vue-jsx.js
index d2028d6..b8b4c60 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-jsx/src/transform-vue-jsx.js
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-jsx/src/transform-vue-jsx.js
@@ -10,11 +10,12 @@ import {
   transformJSXText,
   transformJSXExpressionContainer,
   transformJSXSpreadChild,
+  parseDirectives,
+  isFragment,
 } from './utils';
 
 const xlinkRE = /^xlink([A-Z])/;
-const onRE = /^on[A-Z][a-z]+$/;
-const rootAttributes = ['class', 'style'];
+const onRE = /^on[^a-z]/;
 
 const isOn = (key) => onRE.test(key);
 
@@ -22,28 +23,13 @@ const transformJSXSpreadAttribute = (t, path, mergeArgs) => {
   const argument = path.get('argument').node;
   const { properties } = argument;
   if (!properties) {
-    return t.spreadElement(argument);
+    // argument is an Identifier
+    mergeArgs.push(argument);
+  } else {
+    mergeArgs.push(t.objectExpression(properties));
   }
-  return t.spreadElement(t.objectExpression(properties.filter((property) => {
-    const { key, value } = property;
-    const name = key.value;
-    if (rootAttributes.includes(name)) {
-      mergeArgs.push(
-        t.objectExpression([
-          t.objectProperty(
-            t.stringLiteral(name),
-            value,
-          ),
-        ]),
-      );
-      return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-  })));
 };
 
-const needToMerge = (name) => rootAttributes.includes(name) || isOn(name);
-
 const getJSXAttributeValue = (t, path) => {
   const valuePath = path.get('value');
   if (valuePath.isJSXElement()) {
@@ -81,28 +67,68 @@ const isConstant = (t, path) => {
   return false;
 };
 
+const mergeAsArray = (t, existing, incoming) => {
+  if (t.isArrayExpression(existing.value)) {
+    existing.value.elements.push(incoming.value);
+  } else {
+    existing.value = t.arrayExpression([
+      existing.value,
+      incoming.value,
+    ]);
+  }
+};
+
+const dedupeProperties = (t, properties = []) => {
+  const knownProps = new Map();
+  const deduped = [];
+  properties.forEach((prop) => {
+    const { key: { value: name } = {} } = prop;
+    const existing = knownProps.get(name);
+    if (existing) {
+      if (name === 'style' || name === 'class' || name.startsWith('on')) {
+        mergeAsArray(t, existing, prop);
+      }
+    } else {
+      knownProps.set(name, prop);
+      deduped.push(prop);
+    }
+  });
+
+  return deduped;
+};
+
 const buildProps = (t, path, state) => {
+  const tag = getTag(t, path);
   const isComponent = checkIsComponent(t, path.get('openingElement'));
   const props = path.get('openingElement').get('attributes');
   const directives = [];
+  const dynamicPropNames = new Set();
+
+  let patchFlag = 0;
+
+  if (isFragment(t, path.get('openingElement.name'))) {
+    patchFlag |= PatchFlags.STABLE_FRAGMENT;
+  }
+
   if (props.length === 0) {
     return {
+      tag,
       props: t.nullLiteral(),
       directives,
+      patchFlag,
+      dynamicPropNames,
     };
   }
 
-  const propsExpression = [];
+  const properties = [];
 
   // patchFlag analysis
-  let patchFlag = 0;
   let hasRef = false;
   let hasClassBinding = false;
   let hasStyleBinding = false;
   let hasHydrationEventBinding = false;
   let hasDynamicKeys = false;
 
-  const dynamicPropNames = [];
   const mergeArgs = [];
 
   props
@@ -110,10 +136,6 @@ const buildProps = (t, path, state) => {
       if (prop.isJSXAttribute()) {
         let name = getJSXAttributeName(t, prop);
 
-        if (name === '_model') {
-          name = 'onUpdate:modelValue';
-        }
-
         const attributeValue = getJSXAttributeValue(t, prop);
 
         if (!isConstant(t, attributeValue) || name === 'ref') {
@@ -139,69 +161,85 @@ const buildProps = (t, path, state) => {
             name !== 'key'
             && !isDirective(name)
             && name !== 'on'
-            && !dynamicPropNames.includes(name)
           ) {
-            dynamicPropNames.push(name);
+            dynamicPropNames.add(name);
           }
         }
         if (state.opts.transformOn && (name === 'on' || name === 'nativeOn')) {
-          const transformOn = addDefault(
-            path,
-            '@ant-design-vue/babel-helper-vue-transform-on',
-            { nameHint: '_transformOn' },
-          );
+          if (!state.get('transformOn')) {
+            state.set('transformOn', addDefault(
+              path,
+              '@ant-design-vue/babel-helper-vue-transform-on',
+              { nameHint: '_transformOn' },
+            ));
+          }
           mergeArgs.push(t.callExpression(
-            transformOn,
+            state.get('transformOn'),
             [attributeValue || t.booleanLiteral(true)],
           ));
           return;
         }
-        if (isDirective(name) || name === 'onUpdate:modelValue') {
-          if (name === 'onUpdate:modelValue') {
-            directives.push(attributeValue);
+        if (isDirective(name)) {
+          const { directive, modifiers, directiveName } = parseDirectives(
+            t, {
+              tag,
+              isComponent,
+              name,
+              path: prop,
+              state,
+              value: attributeValue,
+            },
+          );
+
+          if (directive) {
+            directives.push(t.arrayExpression(directive));
           } else {
-            const directiveName = name.startsWith('v-')
-              ? name.replace('v-', '')
-              : name.replace(`v${name[1]}`, name[1].toLowerCase());
-            if (directiveName === 'show') {
-              directives.push(t.arrayExpression([
-                createIdentifier(t, state, 'vShow'),
-                attributeValue,
-              ]));
-            } else {
-              directives.push(t.arrayExpression([
-                t.callExpression(createIdentifier(t, state, 'resolveDirective'), [
-                  t.stringLiteral(directiveName),
-                ]),
-                attributeValue,
-              ]));
+            // must be v-model and is a component
+            properties.push(t.objectProperty(
+              t.stringLiteral('modelValue'),
+              attributeValue,
+            ));
+
+            dynamicPropNames.add('modelValue');
+
+            if (modifiers.size) {
+              properties.push(t.objectProperty(
+                t.stringLiteral('modelModifiers'),
+                t.objectExpression(
+                  [...modifiers].map((modifier) => (
+                    t.objectProperty(
+                      t.stringLiteral(modifier),
+                      t.booleanLiteral(true),
+                    )
+                  )),
+                ),
+              ));
             }
           }
-          return;
-        }
-        if (needToMerge(name)) {
-          mergeArgs.push(
-            t.objectExpression([
-              t.objectProperty(
-                t.stringLiteral(
-                  name,
-                ),
-                attributeValue,
+
+          if (directiveName === 'model') {
+            properties.push(t.objectProperty(
+              t.stringLiteral('onUpdate:modelValue'),
+              t.arrowFunctionExpression(
+                [t.identifier('$event')],
+                t.assignmentExpression('=', attributeValue, t.identifier('$event')),
               ),
-            ]),
-          );
+            ));
+
+            dynamicPropNames.add('onUpdate:modelValue');
+          }
           return;
         }
         if (name.match(xlinkRE)) {
           name = name.replace(xlinkRE, (_, firstCharacter) => `xlink:${firstCharacter.toLowerCase()}`);
         }
-        propsExpression.push(t.objectProperty(
+        properties.push(t.objectProperty(
           t.stringLiteral(name),
           attributeValue || t.booleanLiteral(true),
         ));
       } else {
         hasDynamicKeys = true;
-        propsExpression.push(transformJSXSpreadAttribute(t, prop, mergeArgs));
+        transformJSXSpreadAttribute(t, prop, mergeArgs);
       }
     });
 
@@ -215,7 +253,7 @@ const buildProps = (t, path, state) => {
     if (hasStyleBinding) {
       patchFlag |= PatchFlags.STYLE;
     }
-    if (dynamicPropNames.length) {
+    if (dynamicPropNames.size) {
       patchFlag |= PatchFlags.PROPS;
     }
     if (hasHydrationEventBinding) {
@@ -230,14 +268,42 @@ const buildProps = (t, path, state) => {
     patchFlag |= PatchFlags.NEED_PATCH;
   }
 
+  let propsExpression;
+
+  if (mergeArgs.length) {
+    if (properties.length) {
+      mergeArgs.push(...dedupeProperties(t, properties));
+    }
+    if (mergeArgs.length > 1) {
+      const exps = [];
+      const objectProperties = [];
+      mergeArgs.forEach((arg) => {
+        if (t.isIdentifier(arg) || t.isExpression(arg)) {
+          exps.push(arg);
+        } else {
+          objectProperties.push(arg);
+        }
+      });
+      propsExpression = t.callExpression(
+        createIdentifier(t, state, 'mergeProps'),
+        [
+          ...exps,
+          objectProperties.length
+            && t.objectExpression(objectProperties),
+        ].filter(Boolean),
+      );
+    } else {
+      // single no need for a mergeProps call
+      // eslint-disable-next-line prefer-destructuring
+      propsExpression = mergeArgs[0];
+    }
+  } else if (properties.length) {
+    propsExpression = t.objectExpression(dedupeProperties(t, properties));
+  }
+
   return {
-    props: mergeArgs.length ? t.callExpression(
-      createIdentifier(t, state, 'mergeProps'),
-      [
-        ...mergeArgs,
-        propsExpression.length && t.objectExpression(propsExpression),
-      ].filter(Boolean),
-    ) : t.objectExpression(propsExpression),
+    tag,
+    props: propsExpression,
     directives,
     patchFlag,
     dynamicPropNames,
@@ -270,19 +336,19 @@ const getChildren = (t, paths) => paths
     throw new Error(`getChildren: ${path.type} is not supported`);
   }).filter((value) => (
     value !== undefined
-      && value !== null
-      && !t.isJSXEmptyExpression(value)
+    && value !== null
+    && !t.isJSXEmptyExpression(value)
   ));
 
 
 const transformJSXElement = (t, path, state) => {
-  const tag = getTag(t, path);
   const children = t.arrayExpression(getChildren(t, path.get('children')));
   const {
+    tag,
     props,
     directives,
     patchFlag,
-    dynamicPropNames = [],
+    dynamicPropNames,
   } = buildProps(t, path, state);
 
   const flagNames = Object.keys(PatchFlagNames)
@@ -292,12 +358,17 @@ const transformJSXElement = (t, path, state) => {
     .join(', ');
 
   const isComponent = checkIsComponent(t, path.get('openingElement'));
+  const child = children.elements.length === 1 ? children.elements[0] : children;
+  if (state.opts.compatibleProps && !state.get('compatibleProps')) {
+    state.set('compatibleProps', addDefault(
+      path, '@ant-design-vue/babel-helper-vue-compatible-props', { nameHint: '_compatibleProps' },
+    ));
+  }
+
   const createVNode = t.callExpression(createIdentifier(t, state, 'createVNode'), [
     tag,
-    state.opts.compatibleProps ? t.callExpression(addDefault(
-      path, '@ant-design-vue/babel-helper-vue-compatible-props', { nameHint: '_compatibleProps' },
-    ), [props]) : props,
-    children.elements.length
+    state.opts.compatibleProps ? t.callExpression(state.get('compatibleProps'), [props]) : props,
+    children.elements[0]
       ? (
         isComponent
           ? t.objectExpression([
@@ -306,16 +377,25 @@ const transformJSXElement = (t, path, state) => {
               t.callExpression(createIdentifier(t, state, 'withCtx'), [
                 t.arrowFunctionExpression(
                   [],
-                  children,
+                  t.isStringLiteral(child)
+                    ? t.callExpression(
+                      createIdentifier(t, state, 'createTextVNode'),
+                      [child],
+                    )
+                    : child,
                 ),
               ]),
             ),
+            t.objectProperty(
+              t.identifier('_'),
+              t.numericLiteral(1),
+            ),
           ])
-          : children
+          : child
       ) : t.nullLiteral(),
-    patchFlag && t.addComment(t.numericLiteral(patchFlag), 'leading', ` ${flagNames} `),
-    dynamicPropNames.length
-      && t.arrayExpression(dynamicPropNames.map((name) => t.stringLiteral(name))),
+    patchFlag && t.addComment(t.numericLiteral(patchFlag), 'trailing', ` ${flagNames} `, false),
+    dynamicPropNames.size
+    && t.arrayExpression([...dynamicPropNames.keys()].map((name) => t.stringLiteral(name))),
   ].filter(Boolean));
 
   if (!directives.length) {
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-jsx/src/utils.js b/packages/babel-plugin-jsx/src/utils.js
index 2bb615c..74a85f3 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-jsx/src/utils.js
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-jsx/src/utils.js
@@ -43,6 +43,15 @@ const createIdentifier = (t, state, id) => t.memberExpression(state.get('vue'),
 const isDirective = (src) => src.startsWith('v-')
   || (src.startsWith('v') && src.length >= 2 && src[1] >= 'A' && src[1] <= 'Z');
 
+/**
+ * Check if a JSXOpeningElement is fragment
+ * @param {*} t
+ * @param {*} path
+ * @returns boolean
+ */
+const isFragment = (t, path) => t.isJSXMemberExpression(path)
+    && path.node.property.name;
+
 /**
  * Check if a JSXOpeningElement is a component
  *
@@ -54,7 +63,7 @@ const checkIsComponent = (t, path) => {
   const namePath = path.get('name');
 
   if (t.isJSXMemberExpression(namePath)) {
-    return namePath.node.property.name !== 'Fragment'; // For withCtx
+    return !isFragment(t, namePath); // For withCtx
   }
 
   const tag = namePath.get('name').node;
@@ -180,6 +189,102 @@ const transformJSXExpressionContainer = (path) => path.get('expression').node;
  */
 const transformJSXSpreadChild = (t, path) => t.spreadElement(path.get('expression').node);
 
+/**
+ * Get JSX element type
+ *
+ * @param t
+ * @param path Path<JSXOpeningElement>
+ */
+const getType = (t, path) => {
+  const typePath = path
+    .get('attributes')
+    .find(
+      (attributePath) => t.isJSXAttribute(attributePath)
+        && t.isJSXIdentifier(attributePath.get('name'))
+        && attributePath.get('name.name').node === 'type'
+        && t.isStringLiteral(attributePath.get('value')),
+    );
+
+  return typePath ? typePath.get('value.value').node : '';
+};
+
+const resolveDirective = (t, path, state, tag, directiveName) => {
+  if (directiveName === 'show') {
+    return createIdentifier(t, state, 'vShow');
+  } if (directiveName === 'model') {
+    let modelToUse;
+    const type = getType(t, path.parentPath);
+    switch (tag.value) {
+      case 'select':
+        modelToUse = createIdentifier(t, state, 'vModelSelect');
+        break;
+      case 'textarea':
+        modelToUse = createIdentifier(t, state, 'vModelText');
+        break;
+      default:
+        switch (type) {
+          case 'checkbox':
+            modelToUse = createIdentifier(t, state, 'vModelCheckbox');
+            break;
+          case 'radio':
+            modelToUse = createIdentifier(t, state, 'vModelRadio');
+            break;
+          default:
+            modelToUse = createIdentifier(t, state, 'vModelText');
+        }
+    }
+    return modelToUse;
+  }
+  return t.callExpression(
+    createIdentifier(t, state, 'resolveDirective'), [
+      t.stringLiteral(directiveName),
+    ],
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse directives metadata
+ *
+ * @param t
+ * @param  path JSXAttribute
+ * @returns null | Object<{ modifiers: Set<string>, valuePath: Path<Expression>}>
+ */
+const parseDirectives = (t, {
+  name, path, value, state, tag, isComponent,
+}) => {
+  const modifiers = name.split('_');
+  const directiveName = modifiers.shift()
+    .replace(/^v/, '')
+    .replace(/^-/, '')
+    .replace(/^\S/, (s) => s.toLowerCase());
+
+  if (directiveName === 'model' && !t.isJSXExpressionContainer(path.get('value'))) {
+    throw new Error('You have to use JSX Expression inside your v-model');
+  }
+
+  const modifiersSet = new Set(modifiers);
+
+  const hasDirective = directiveName !== 'model' || (directiveName === 'model' && !isComponent);
+
+  return {
+    directiveName,
+    modifiers: new Set(modifiers),
+    directive: hasDirective ? [
+      resolveDirective(t, path, state, tag, directiveName),
+      value,
+      modifiersSet.size && t.unaryExpression('void', t.numericLiteral(0), true),
+      modifiersSet.size && t.objectExpression(
+        [...modifiersSet].map(
+          (modifier) => t.objectProperty(
+            t.identifier(modifier),
+            t.booleanLiteral(true),
+          ),
+        ),
+      ),
+    ].filter(Boolean) : undefined,
+  };
+};
+
 
 export {
   createIdentifier,
@@ -193,4 +298,6 @@ export {
   transformJSXExpressionContainer,
   PatchFlags,
   PatchFlagNames,
+  parseDirectives,
+  isFragment,
 };